Research Papers
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Culture & Psychology
I was trained under the guidance of Harry Triandis and am interested in understanding what makes human groups similar and different in order to broaden psychological science, as well as to inform policy. My early work focused on the distinction of vertical and horizontal individualism and collectivism (see the scale here). Our team has recently begun to systematically investigate the strength of norms across cultures, or what is referred to as cultural tightness-looseness (TL). Teaming up with partners around the world and from different disciplines, we are doing research on the ecological and historical factors that promote TL at both the national and state level, the neurobiological and genetic underpinnings of TL, the evolutionary basis of TL, and the implications of TL for organizations, expatriates, and for societal well-being. I also research subjective culture (e.g., honor, wasta, fatalism) in the Middle East. We use laboratory, field, computational, EEG, and fRMI to examine our research questions.
I also edit the series Advances in Cultural Psychology which summarizes important research programs in the emerging field of Cultural Psychology.
See papers in this area below.
Wilson, D. S., Madhavan, G., Gelfand, M. J., Hayes, S. C., Atkins, P. W., & Colwell, R. R. (2023). Multilevel cultural evolution: From new theory to practical applications. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(16), e2218222120.
Bicchieri, C., Dimant, E., Gelfand, M., & Sonderegger, S. (2023). Social norms and behavior change: The interdisciplinary research frontier. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization.
Lin, Y., Caluori, N., Öztürk, E. B., & Gelfand, M. J. (2022). From virility to virtue: the psychology of apology in honor cultures. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(41), e2210324119.
Stamkou, E., Homan, A.C., van Kleef, G.A., Gelfand, M.J. (2022). The spatial representation of leadership depends on ecological threat: A replication and extension of Menon et al. (2010). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
Hernandez, I., Cohen, D., Gruschow, K., Nowak, A., Gelfand, M.J., Borkowski, W. (2022). The importance of being unearnest: Opportunists and the making of culture. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
Schumpe, B. M., Van Lissa, C. J., Bélanger, J. J., Ruggeri, K., Mierau, J., Nisa, C. F., ... & Leander, N. P. (2022). Predictors of adherence to public health behaviors for fighting COVID-19 derived from longitudinal data. Scientific reports
Li, C., Gelfand, M.J. (2022). The influence of cultural tightness-looseness on cross-border acquisition performance. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization
Choi, V.K., Shrestha, S., Gelfand, M.J. (2022). When danger strikes: A linguistic tool for tracking America’s collective response to threats. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Pavlović, T., Azevedo, F., De, K., Riaño-Moreno, J. C., Maglić, M., & Papp, Z. (2022). Predicting attitudinal and behavioral responses to COVID-19 pandemic using machine learning. PNAS NEXUS
Santo, D.D., Gelfand, M.J., Baldner, C., Pierro, A. (2022). The Moral Foundations of Desired Cultural Tightness. Frontiers in Psychology
Mula, S., Di Santo, D., Resta, E., Bakhtiari, F., Baldner, C., Molinario, E., ... & Leander, N. P. (2022). Concern with COVID-19 pandemic threat and attitudes towards immigrants: The mediating effect of the desire for tightness. Current Research in Ecological and Social Psychology
Gelfand, M. J., Jackson, J. C., Pan, X., Nau, D., Pieper, D., Denison, E., ... & Wang, M. (2021). The relationship between cultural tightness–looseness and COVID-19 cases and deaths: a global analysis. The Lancet Planetary Health.
Gelfand, M. J. (2021). Cultural evolutionary mismatches in response to collective threat. Current Directions in Psychological Science.
Gelfand, M. J., Caluori, N., Jackson, J. C., & Taylor, M. K. (2020). The cultural evolutionary trade-off of ritualistic synchrony. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 375(1805), 20190432. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0432
Salvador, C. E., Mu, Y., Gelfand, M. J., & Kitayama, S. (2020). When norm violations are spontaneously detected: An electrocortical investigation. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 15(3), 319–327. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsaa035
Seitz, B. M., Aktipis, A., Buss, D. M., Alcock, J., Bloom, P., Gelfand, M., ... & Haselton, M. G. (2020). The pandemic exposes human nature: 10 evolutionary insights. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(45), 27767-27776.
Gelfand, M. J. & Denison, E. E. (2020) Moving beyond the West vs. the rest: Understanding variation within Asian groups and its societal consequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2000930117
Habersaat, K. B., Betsch, C., Danchin, M., Sunstein, C. R., Böhm, R., Falk, A., Brewer, N. T., Omer, S. B., Scherzer, M., Sah, S., Fischer, E. F., Scheel, A. E., Fancourt, D., Kitayama, S., Dubé, E., Leask, J., Dutta, M., MacDonald, N. E., Temkina, A., … Butler, R. (2020). Ten considerations for effectively managing the COVID-19 transition. Nature Human Behaviour, 4(7), 677–687. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0906-x
Van Bavel, J. J., Baicker, K., Boggio, P. S., Capraro, V., Cichocka, A., Cikara, M., Crockett, M. J., Crum, A. J., Douglas, K. M., Druckman, J. N., Drury, J., Dube, O., Ellemers, N., Finkel, E. J., Fowler, J. H., Gelfand, M., Han, S., Haslam, S. A., Jetten, J., … Willer, R. (2020). Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response. Nature Human Behaviour, 4(5), 460–471. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0884-z
Jackson, J. C., Gelfand, M., & Ember, C. (2020). A global analysis of cultural tightness in non-industrial societies. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 287, 20201036. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/9s57z
Salvador, C. E., Kraus, B. T., Ackerman, J. M., Gelfand, M. J., & Kitayama, S. (2020). Interdependent self-construal predicts reduced sensitivity to norms under pathogen threat: An electrocortical investigation. Biological Psychology, 157, 107970.
Pan, X., Nau, D., & Gelfand, M. (2020, November). Cooperative norms and the growth of threat: Differences across tight and loose cultures. In 2020 7th International Conference on Behavioural and Social Computing (BESC) (in press). IEEE.
Elster, A., & Gelfand, M. J. (2020). When guiding principles do not guide: The moderating effects of cultural tightness on value-behavior links. Journal of Personality. Advanced online publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12584
Jackson, J. C., Gelfand, M., De, S., & Fox, A. (2019). The loosening of American culture over 200 years is associated with a creativity–order trade-off. Nature Human Behavior, 3(3), 244.
Geeraert, N., Li, R., Ward, C., Gelfand, M., & Demes, K. A. (2019). A tight spot: How personality moderates the impact of social norms on sojourner adaptation. Psychological Science, 30(3), 333-342.
Stamkou, E., van Kleef, G. A., Homan, A. C., Gelfand, M. J., van de Vijver, F. J., van Egmond, M. C., ... & Cantarero, K. (2019). Cultural collectivism and tightness moderate responses to norm violators: Effects on power perception, moral emotions, and leader support. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 45(6), 947-964.
Gelfand, M. J. (2019). Universal and culture-specific patterns of tightness-looseness across the 31 Chinese provinces. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(14), 6522-6524.
Jackson, J. C., van Egmond, M., Choi, V. K., Ember, C. R., Halberstadt, J., Balanovic, J., ... & Gelfand, M. J. (2019). Ecological and cultural factors underlying the global distribution of prejudice. PloS ONE, 14(9), e0221953.
Van Kleef, G., Gelfand, M. J., & Jetten, J. (2019). The dynamic nature of social norms: New perspectives on norm development, impact, violation, and enforcement. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 103814, 103814-103814. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2019.05.002
Gelfand, M. J. (2019) Explaining the puzzle of human diversity. Science, 366(6466), 686-687.